汉英修辞中的比喻 （2）

汉语中的明喻与英语中的Simile

            所谓明喻就是一种明显的打比方，本体和喻体都出现。表示二者的相似关系，中间用“像”、“如”、“似”、“仿佛”、“犹如”、“有如”、“宛如”、“恰似”等比喻词连接。英语中与之相似的是Simile .

       英语中 simile 一词源于拉丁语的Similis 其义相当于英语的 Like 。故明喻中英语常用Like做比喻词，此外还有As, As if, As though, As……as, just as, similar to, to bear a resemblance to 等等。英语中明愈一词的定义是：A simile is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. The comparison is purely imaginative, that is, the resemblance between the two unlike things in that one particular aspects exist only in our minds, in our “ inward eye ” and not in the nature of the things themselves.

                      童年        

                      寂寞像一本书，

                      我不懂它，它不懂我；

                      稍大时

                      寂寞像一条狗，

                      它会追我， 但我也会跑；

                      如今长大了，

                      寂寞像小猫咪的脚步

                      轻轻地踏上我的心头。

                                   ——扬碧方《寂寞》

别来春半，       Since we parted, spring is now half over.

触目愁肠断。     Everywhere I look, ’tis a heartbreak scene.

        砌下落梅如雪乱， Beneath the steps the fallen winter-plum petals

拂了一身还满。   Are scattered all over like snowflake——

    I brush them away but am soon covered again.

       雁来音信无凭，   The swan geese come back but no certain massage bring

         路遥归梦难成。   The distance is vast and dreams of returning

         离恨恰如春草，   Wouldn’t come to me.

更行更远还生。    The sorrow of parting is like grasses of spring:

                The farther you go the more riotous they become.

——李煜《清平乐》          ——龚景浩 英译

    他们俩呢，只是很愿意在一起谈谈坐坐。都到岁数了，心不是没有。 只是像一片薄薄的云，飘过来，飘过去，下不成雨。

                                        ——汪曾祺 《 大淖记事 》

妾心如镜面，

一规秋水清；

郎心如镜背，

磨杀不分明。

郎心如纸鸢，

断线随风去；

愿得上林去，

为妾萦留住。

                                        ——《 乐府二首 》

                文学之于人也， 臂呼药，善服有济，不善服反为害。

                                           ——皮日休

         上善若水，        The perfect goodness is like water.

         水善利万物而不争。Water approaches all things instead of contending with them.

                  ——老子 《 道德经 》

                他们相爱， 但他们却使对方的生活犹如地狱一般。

——张贤亮 《 灵与肉》

人的感情真象一群贪嘴的小羊， 我们的生活又象绿油油的青菜地， 而理智就象是牧羊人。 这个牧羊人稍打个盹， 其中有几只调皮羊， 就会窜出去，偷吃几口青菜。 这时，牧羊人的鞭子要是能及时的在他们的头上响起，他们才会老实。

我是轻轻悄悄地到来，

象水面飘过一叶浮萍；

我又轻轻悄悄地离开，

象林中吹过一阵清风。

你爱想起我就想起我，

象想起一棵夏夜的星；

你爱忘了我就忘了我，

象忘了一个春天的梦。

day after day ,day after day,

   we stuck, nor breath nor motion,

                            As idle as a painted ship

                            Upon a painted ocean

                                              ——S.T Coleridge

                 She sat like patience on a monument, smiling at grief.

                                             ——Shakespeare

                 她坐在纪念碑上，像个木偶人，对悲哀一笑置之。

   The mist, like love, plays upon the heart of the hills and brings out surprises of beauty.

                                              ——Tagore

       烟雾像爱情一样，戏弄着山的心，于是，产生惊心动魄的美艳。

               The full green hills are round and soft as breasts.

                                             ——John E Steinbeck

             碧绿的山头浑圆而有柔软，像女人的乳房一样。

      To say that you can love one person all your life is just like saying that one candle will continue burning as long as you live.

                                                ——Leo Tolstoy

          说你一生只爱一个人，就像是说一只蜡烛将燃烧到你的末日。

——托尔斯泰

             Your mind needs an uplift as well as your bust.

                                             ——Morley

你的精神，和你的胸脯一样，必须进一步提高。

   Marriage is like a beleaguered fortress: those who are without want to get in, and those within want to get out.

                                           ——P.M Quitard

婚姻像是一个堡垒：外边的想进去， 里边的人想出来。

   Love goes towards love, as schoolboys from their books;

   But love from love, towards school with heavy looks.

                                   ——William Shakespeare

赴情人的约会，像学童抛开书本一样：

和情人分别， 像学童板着脸上学堂。

I wondered lonely as a cloud           独行徐徐如浮云，

That floats on high o’er vales and hills,   横绝太空渡山谷。

…

                           ——W. Wordsworth

I thought, hope cannot be said to exist, nor can it be said not to exist. It is just like roads across the earth. For actually, the earth had no roads to begin with, but when many men pass one way, a road is made.

                                         ——Lu Xun

我想，希望是本无所谓有，无所谓无的，这正如地上的路；其实地上本没有路， 走的人多了，也便成了路。

Men are like parking spaces. The good ones are taken and you can bet the avilable ones are all handicapped.

   男人像停车地一样，好的都给人家占去了，剩下来的肯定是留给伤残人士用。

英语中用as……as 的明喻很多：

as black as coal:  黑的跟炭一样

as brave as a lion:  勇猛如狮

as dry as a bone:  十分干燥

as heavy as lead:  沉重如铅

as light as a feather  轻如鸿毛

as quick as a lighting  快如闪电

as pretty as a picture:  美丽如画

as steady as a rock:  坚如磬石

as strong as a bull(an ox)  壮如牛

as timid as a mouse:  胆小如鼠

as thin as a lath:  骨瘦如柴

as weak as water  弱不禁风（柔弱如水）

as red as a turkey-cock  :脸红的如下蛋的鸡

as high as a kite  :烂醉如泥（如痴如狂）

as bitter as gull:  苦如胆汁

as hungry as a wolf:  饥如饿狼

as straight as an arrow:快直如箭