【摘要】
借喻是一种最简练的比喻形式，它是直接用喻体代替本体的修辞方式。由于本体（被比喻物）不出现，因而也就无须有喻词了。
教师不光要把“一桶水”指给学生看，而且要把学生引导到长流不尽的泉边和好渺无际的海边去。
——骆小所《教学方法杂谈》
中国最多的是枉道：不打落水狗，反被狗咬了。但是，这其实是老实人自己讨苦吃。
In China, however, most things are topsy-turvy: instead of beating dogs in the water, we let ourselves be bitten by them. This is no more, though, than what simple souls deserve.
——鲁迅《论“费厄泼赖”应该缓行》
On Deferring “Fair Play”杨宪益 英译
【全文】
汉英修辞中的比喻（4）
三、借喻
借喻是一种最简练的比喻形式，它是直接用喻体代替本体的修辞方式。由于本体（被比喻物）不出现，因而也就无须有喻词了。
教师不光要把“一桶水”指给学生看，而且要把学生引导到长流不尽的泉边和好渺无际的海边去。
——骆小所《教学方法杂谈》
中国最多的是枉道：不打落水狗，反被狗咬了。但是，这其实是老实人自己讨苦吃。
In China, however, most things are topsy-turvy: instead of beating dogs in the water, we let ourselves be bitten by them. This is no more, though, than what simple souls deserve.
——鲁迅《论“费厄泼赖”应该缓行》 On Deferring “Fair Play”杨宪益 英译
巴山楚水凄凉地， O western mountains and southers streams desolate,
二十三年弃置身。 Where I, an exile, lived for twenty years and three!
怀旧空吟闻笛赋， To mourn for my departed friends I come too late;
到乡翻似烂柯人。 In my native land I look like human debris.
沉舟恻旁千帆过， Hundreds of sails pass by the side of sunken ship;
病书前头万木春。 Thousands of flowers bloom ahead of injured tree.
今天听君歌一曲， Today I hear you chant the praise of comradeship;
暂凭杯酒长精神。 I wish this cup of wine might well inspirit me.
——刘禹锡《酬乐天杨州初逢席上见赠》许渊冲 英译
Reply to Bai Juyi Whom I Meet for the First Time at A Banquet in Yang Zhou
帘外雨潺潺， The curtain cannot keep out the patter of rain,
春意阑珊。 Springtime is on the wane.
罗裘不耐五更寒。 In tne deep of the night my quilt is not cold-proof.
梦里不知身是客， Forgetting I am under hospitable roof,
一晌贪欢。 Still in my dream I seek for pleasures vain.
独自莫凭栏， Don’t lean alone on the railings and
无限江山， Yearn for the boundless land!
别时容易见时难。 To bid farewell is easier than to meet again.
流水落花春去也， With flowers fallen on the waves spring’gone amain,
天上人间。 So is the paradise of men.
——李煜《浪淘沙》许渊冲 英译
Tune: “Ripples Sifting Sand”
陈涉少时，尝与人佣耕，辍耕之垄上。怅恨久之，曰：“苟富贵，勿相忘”。佣者笑而应之曰：“若为佣耕，何富贵也？”陈涉太息曰：“嗟呼！燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉！”
——《史记·陈涉世家》
摽有梅， The fruits from mume-trees fall, You see the plums drop from the tree,
其实七兮。 One-third of them away. Lying on the way.
求我庶士， If you love me at all, If you want to marry me,
迨其吉兮。 Woo me a lucky day! You’d better not delay.
摽有梅， The fruits from mume-trees fall, You see the plums drop from the tree,
其实三兮。 Two-thirds of them away. Piling of the way.
求我庶士， If you love me at all, If you want to marry me,
迨其今兮。 Woo me this very day! You’d better come today.
摽有梅， The fruits from mume-trees fall, You see the plums drop from the tree,
顷筐塈之。 Now all of them away. In baskets on the way.
求我庶士， If you love me at all, If you want to marry me,
迨其谓之。 You need not woo but say. You’d better come and say.
——周《诗经。召南》许渊冲 英译 ——汪榕培 任秀桦 英译
Book of Songs : An Old Maid The Plums
黄金无足色，
白壁有微暇。
求人不求备，
妾愿老君家。
——宋，戴复古《寄兴二首》
-
春蚕不应老， The spring silk-worm would not be old,
昼夜常怀丝。 If it were not spilling silk day and night.
何惜微躯尽， Never it hestates to sacrifice its body
缠绵自有时。 To make windings behind it.
——南朝乐府民歌《作蚕丝》
青松在东园， In Eastern Garden stands a thriving pine,
众草没其姿。 Its beauty hidden by the weds and vine.
凝霜珍异类， When heavy frosts has withered other plants,
卓然见高枝。 The pine displays its stature nature grants.
连林人不觉， Unnoticed in the forest when it grew,
独树众乃奇。 A single tree commands a peerless view.
——陶渊明《饮酒·八》 王榕培 英译
心灵上的创伤，旧的尚未平复，新的又在淌血，而严酷的生活，常常在这伤口上撒上一把盐。
——谢大光《天鹅之歌》
生来是个人，终免不得做几桩傻事错事，吃不该吃的果子。
——钱钟书 《写在人生边上》
We are only human. We are prone to desplay stupidities, make a few mistakes, devour the forbidden fruit.
——The Marginalia of Life
The point is, does Prince Charming find Sleeping Beauty?
此句中的“白马王子”Prince Charming 来自普兰谢J. R Planche 的同名童话故事，而“睡美人”则是佩罗C. Perrault的同名童话 Sleeping Beauty。故本句翻译为：
问题是，白马王子能否找到睡美人？
The Sick Rose----
by W. Blake
O Rose, thou art sick! 玫瑰啊，你枯萎了！
The invisible worm 飞行在黑夜里的
That flies in the night, 那无形的飞虫
In the howling storm, 在发现了你那
Of crimson joy, 深红色欢乐的床
And his dark secret love 他那隐秘的爱
Does thy life destroy. 毁了你的生命。
If you’re a cow, give milk! If an ox, plow! If a sheep, let yourself be sheared! If a horse, let yourself be ridden.
——Mendel
如果你是头乳牛，那就产奶吧！如果你是头牛，那就耕耘吧！如果你是只羊，那就让人剪毛吧！如果你是匹马，那就让人骑吧！
——门德尔